Textbook Module 1.1 Biological Approach to Behavior

Module 1.1 Biological Approach to Behavior-  January 13, 2015

Lecture Notes

I. INTRODUCTION  Textbook pg 2

"Why is there something rather than nothing?"

Science studies the universe on many different levels of analyses.  See powers of ten On the EXPANDING view of Powers of Ten we get a picture of our place in the universe.
What does the COLLAPSING view indicate to you?

The film simply allow us to see what is possible to observe and speculate the universe as far away and as deep down as humans technology can take us. The technology is just one aspect of human curiosity that allows the asking of questions.  David Chalmers, a philosopher says that the "hard problem" is ...

"Why is there such a thing as consciousness?"

A. Biological Psychology- the study of the physiological, evolutionary and developmental mechanism of behavior and experience and is similar to: Biopscychology, psychobiology, physiological psychology and behavioral neuroscience.

CAN YOU ANSWER THIS QUESTION-
? What is the difference between biological psychology and behavioral neuroscience.?


B. Two views of the human brain  (Figure 1.2 pg 4)
  outer view

DORSAL	VENTRAL
Frontal Lobe	Frontal Lobe
Pre central Gyrus	Temporal lobe
Central Sulcus	Longitudinal fissure
Post central Gyrus	Olfactory Bulb
Parietal Lobe	Optic nerve
Occipital Lobe	Medulla, Cerebellum and Spinal cord

CAN YOU IDENTIFY MOST OF THESE AREAS FROM THE COLORING BOOK?- 7.1,7.2 AND 7.3

inner view
Figure 1.3 Neurons magnified
CAN YOU IDENTIFY THE TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING ENDS OF THE NEURON?
COLORING BOOK -3.1

II. Biological Explanations of Behavior
 The four categories of behavior- according to the biological explanation of behavior.
A. Physiological explanation
B. Ontogenetic explanation
C. Evolutionary explanation
D. Functional explanation

CLOSE BOOK-
  Explain the birdsong in terms of the four categories.


III. Career Opportunities

Q. How many different fields of Psychology are there?
  A. Research, Practioner, Medical Allied Medical
Q. What  particular specialization seems most interesting to you? Why?


ADDITIONAL FACTS FROM 12TH EDITION-
  There are three main points that the author wants you to remember from the book.
#1  "Perception occurs in your brain."
#2 "Mental activity and certain types of brain activity are, "So far as we can tell, inseparable." This view is known as monism.  (This is the view of the author but not all scientists agree. See here for an alternative view to monism from Biologist Richard Sheldrake.
#3 Don't confuse an example with an explanation. Examples of scientific findings can convey many different things and never will a single study provide all the answers.

Module 2.1: Cellualr Morphology-Anatomy of Neurons and Glia Cells

Anatomy of Neurons and Glia- MODULES 1.2 &  2.1

   A The histology of Santiago Ramon y Cajal
Cajal was both a physician and an artist. He used his skills to draw images that he saw under the microscope with the help of Golgi staining. Both he and Golgi received the 1906 Nobel Prize. Go here to view some of his drawings.

Q. What is "histology?" 

B. Learn the parts of the neuron.
   Using "Google Image" find a few pictures of the Neuron. These pictures will assist you as you color the pages of Coloring book chapter 3.

 Q. Can you match the pictures, terms and definitions for the following from the coloring book:
ASSIGNMENT #1 
3.1: cell body (soma), dendrites, axon, cytoplasm, interstitial fluid, cell membrane (lipid bilayer) terminal buttons (boutons) axon branches (axon terminal)
3.2: nucleus, neurofilaments microtubules
3.3: neurotransmitter molecules; synaptic vesicles
3.4 synapase, receptive area (dendritic arborization), axon hillock, axon shaft

ASSIGNMENT #2
3.5: pre-synaptic membrane, post-synaptic memberane, receptors, neurtransmitter molecule, synaptic vesicle, omega complex
3.6: schwann cells, nodes of Ranvier, Oligodendrocyte myelin sheath

ASSIGNMENT #3
3.7 ion channels, ionotropic receptor


III. The Blood Brain Barrier

Q. How does the brain blood barrier work?


IV. Nourishment in Vertebrate Neurons

Q. What is the importance of glucose to the brain? 
Q. Define a vertebrate neuron.  (Hint: go to CB unit 1.1)

Textbook Module 4.1 Anatomy of the Nervous System- February 6, 2014

Textbook Module 4.1
  Please begin coloring the pages associated with Module 4.1.  The assignments can be found in the coloring book assignment link at the top of the page.

Practice Homework Gross Anatomy

Answer these questions after you have colored the following coloring book units.

1. What type of section is illustrated in CBUnit 10.5B?
2. What type of section is illustrated in CB Unit 11.6B

3. What type of section is illustrated in CB Unit 12.5?

4. Name the most posterior lobe of the brain.

5.  Name the most lateral lobe of the brain.

6.    Name the most anterior lobe of the brain.

7.  Which lobe has the post-central gyrus and central fissure as a boundary?

8. Which lobe has the superior temporal gyrus and lateral fissue as a boundary?

9. Name the fissure that separates the brain hemispheres. 
10.   Distinguish by location the differences between the superior temporal gyrus and the superior frontal gyrus. (ie which brain lobe contains each gyri).

Textbook Module 3.1 Synpatic Transmission

Lecture material

Properties of the synapse pg 52-58

Synaptic transmission (neuron story) explains in a very simplified form how neurons communicate with each other. In the illustration imagine that the stimulus is a fly landing on your leg and the response is moving the leg. Identify Cell A, Cell B and Cell C.

Reproduce the A-B-C neural network on page 9 (Unit 1.4) of the coloring book.
Color Coloring Book Units 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 ( pgs 8-15)
Review exercise 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 on page 16-17

What is the difference between temporal and spatial summation.

Relationship Among EPSP, IPSP and action Potentials  Pgs 56-57
Explain the role of the interneuron in an inhibitory synapse- use Figure 3.7  pg 56. 
Create a wiring diagram that shows inhibition and excitation... use figure 3.9; 3.10 and 3.11 as examples but create your own using any configuration.

Link to Audio Lecture of the complete Neuron Story

Here is the link to the complete Neuron Story on You Tube.

This is an audio recording of the Neuron Story lecture. This recording corresponds to units 2.2 and 3.1 of the textbook, Biological Psychology by Kalat. Please use the textbook along with this presentation. There are five parts to the Neuron Story that you are expected to know and understand.

 KNOW means- able to reproduce progression of events depicted in the slides without the use of notes.

 UNDERSTAND means- able to explain each slide in your own words

MIDTERM PREPARATION

INFORMATION BELOW WILL BE INCLUDED ON THE MIDTERM EXAM

Physiological Psychology Part I.
INTRODUCTION
 Textbook Chapter 1
 Red information on Course Blog

GROSS ANATOMY
Planes of Section - CB chapter 2
Major Brain Divisions CB Unit 4.3, 4.4
Divisions of Nervous System CB Unit 2.1, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5

NEURONAL NETWORKS AND SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION
Neurophysiology and synaptic transmission
     Textbook Modules 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2
Neuron Morphology  CB chapter 3
Neuron Story  Instructor's Blackboard link and Students' YouTube postings

BRAIN ANATOMY BY DIVISION (Items in Parenthesis will be on the Final)
Mylencephalon  CB 6.1
    Reticular Formation, Pyramids
Metencephalon CB 6.2
    Pons, Cerebellum
Mesencephalon  CB 6.3
    Inferior & Superior Colliculi
    Red Nuclei, Periaqueductal Grey, Substantia Nigra
    (Tectum and Tegmentum)
Diencephalon CB 6.4-6.6
    Thalamus
         Lateral Geniculate Nucleus; Medial Geniculate Nucleus; Ventral Posterior Nucleus
     Hypothalamus
         Suprachiasmatic nucleus (Ventral medial nucleus)
     Pituitary Gland
Telencephalon
      Brain lobes  CB 7.2
      Fissures  CB 7.1
      Gyri  CB 7.3

Functional Neural Systems
     Simple System
             Reflex Arc Textbook 3.1;  Blackboard Midterm Preparation; CB 1.1, 1.3, 1.4; 8.5, 8.6