Sound waves are most often the result of periodic compressons of air. THe frequency of a sound is the number of compresssions per second, measured in Hz. Pitch is related to frequency such that higher pitch means higher frequency of the sound wave.
The amplitude of the sound wave related to its intensity and is related to how loudly the sound is perceived. Most adults hear sounds between 15,000-20,000Hz.
1. Identify from the wave illustration which characteristic illustrates frequency and which characteristic illustrates amplitude.
The compression of air is collected by the outer ear, turned into vibration in the middle ear and transduced in the inner ear.
2. Can you label the structures of the outer and middle ear.
II. TRANSDUCTION
Transduction happens in the inner ear or cochlear. The chochlear is a fluid filled chamber deep in the ear. When a pressure wave is created by movement of the oval window the basilar membrane moves and the hair cells located between the basilar and tectorial membranes also mimic the exact wave.
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III. TRANSMISSION PATHWAYS IN THE BRAIN
IV. SENSATION, PERCEPTION, COGNITION
Read and summarize this paper for EXTRA CREDIT (10 points for a 1 page double spaced document in which the most important points of this paper are summarized.) This assignment is due April 2, 2015.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v416/n6876/full/416012a.html
V. PUT IT ALL TOGETHER- Stimulus, Transduction, Transmission, Sensation, Perception & Cognition
Know where the following terms fit on the class schema.
*pinna,
*external auditory meatus (ear canal)
*middle ear ossicles - anvil, hammer, stirrup
*tympanic membrane
*oval window
round window
*15-20,000 Hz
*superior olive
*medial geniculate of the thalamus
*inferior collicullus
*primary auditory cortex
*secondary auditory cortex
*pitch
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