Olfaction is the response to chemicals that contact the membranes inside the nose. Olfaction is important in food selection, as most of what we call 'flavor" is a combination of the taste, texture and aroma of the food. The stimulus for olfaction are air-borne molecules that are ordorant chemicals
TRANSDUCTION
Olfactory cells line the nasal cavity. Each ell has cilia that extend from the cell body into the nasal passage. Olfactory receptors are located on the cilia. Ordorant chemicals activate synaptic transmission. Olfactory receptors have synapses with cells in the olfactory bulb.
While there are only 3 types of cone cells that produce color vision and 5 types of taste receptors that provide flavor, there are several hundred types of olfactory receptors that respond to different types of chemicals. Olfactory receptors are vulnerable to damage since they are exposed to the air. The lifetime for such cells is just around a month.
TRANSMISSION
When an olfactory receptor is stimulated the axon synapses in the olfactory bulb. Coding for the smell begins in the olfactory bulb. What does the book say about the changes in olfactory bulb cell firing based on whether the scent is different or more intense? KNOW FOR FINAL EXAM
Cells of the olfactory bulb axons synapse in the olfactory area of the cerebral cortex known as the olfactory cortex.
SENSATION PERCEPTION COGNITION
Olfaction also plays a role in social behavior. What are the scent-related chemicals involved in social behavior? Who detects orders more readily? Men or Women -- KNOW FOR FINAL EXAM
SYNESTHESIA
What is synesthesia? What sensory systems are identified in the textbook explaination of synesthesia? KNOW FOR FINAL EXAM
PUT IT ALL TOGETHER
For the final exam, you should know the answer to the questions in red above. Also you should be able to associate the following terms within the correct cell of the class schema.
air borne chemical ordorants
medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus
nasal passages
Olfactory bulbs
olfacotry glomeruli
Olfactory protein molecule
olfactory receptor cells
orbitofrontal cortex
a rose
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